Pullout behaviour of inclined shallow plate anchors in sand

This paper presents an experimental study on the pullout behaviour of inclined shallow plate anchors subjected to axial pull in sand. The 1g model tests were performed examine effects anchor inclination and sand–anchor interface conditions load–displacement response associated failure deformation mechanisms at various embedment ratios sand densities. capacity was found increase continuously with load angle vertical (?), more significant for ? from 45° 90°. effect negligible horizontal (? = 0°), but it became increasingly larger angles. these two factors both decreased increasing ratio. Their influences measured analysed using a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Based test data results available literature, simple empirical method prediction resistance is calibrated recommended.